Key for Student Worksheet for
Living in Space - Designing a Space Station

/cosmicquest

1. What are the four basic requirements to make a space station habitable?
A space station needs air, water, food and power. A toilet also comes in handy.

2. What do astronauts bring into space to breathe? Why is this the best choice?
The best choice is a nitrogen-oxygen mix (79% nitrogen, 21% oxygen) that replicates the Earth's atmosphere. It is safer than a pure oxygen atmosphere, where fire can start quite easily.

3. How much water is necessary for an astronaut to drink while in space each day?
One astronaut needs 2 quarts of drinking water every day.

4. From the food list provided, list three of the foods that best fulfill the meal requirements.
Answers should come from the following list:

• Roasted chicken
• Baked potato
• Fruit cocktail
• Energy bar
• Chocolate bar
• Milk
  

5. Explain the method astronauts use to go to the bathroom in space.

0. Sit on toilet seat
1. Turn the vacuum on
2. Slide two padded bars over your thighs to hold yourself down on the seat
3. The vacuum sucks the waste into a plastic bag
4. Use the toilet paper, then put it into the bag and seal it.
5. The toilet squeezes the bag down in size, then stores it until a shuttle can return it to earth. No dumping in space!

6. What provides the best source of power to sustain life support systems in space? Why?
Solar energy is the best source of power, because it is free, efficient, and endless. Solar panels are also lightweight, so it is easy to lift into orbit. Batteries are used to store power generated by solar panels.

7. Who was the first American to fly in space?
Alan Shepard, on May 5, 1961

8. How are astronauts able to provide enough water while on their missions?
By recycling urine and other wastewater (from (from showers, hand washing, food preparation, and perspiration).

10. List three ways astronauts get exercise in weightlessness.
Stationary bicycles, rowing machines and treadmills

11. How do astronauts bathe?
Sponge baths are the best way to bathe in space. The procedure:

1. Pull down the retractable shower stall.
2. Moisten sponge with built-in water connection
3. Scrub yourself
4. Wash hair with waterless shampoo
5. Dry off

12. What was the original mission of Skylab?
Launched in 1973, Skylab's mission was to prove that humans could live and work in space for long periods of time, and to study the sun.

13. How do astronauts get a supply of fresh air over a long period of time? What are the requirements for one astronaut?
Plants, because they naturally convert carbon dioxide into oxygen. While we inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide, trees and plants "inhale" carbon dioxide and produce oxygen. It takes ten square meters of plants to recycle just one astronaut's air.

14. How do astronauts produce food while in space? List three reasons why this is a good method.
Hydroponic garden is a great way to produce food in space. Why? When growing in water rather than soil, crops:

• Grow faster
• Need less space
• Produce more food
• Use fewer nutrients
• Purify the water
• Turn excess carbon dioxide into oxygen

15. Give two examples of emergencies that can occur while in outer space.

• Orbital decay (for example, a rash of solar flares can affect your orbit, making your space station fall to earth)
• Air leaks from micrometeorites or space junk.

16. What information did you find most interesting while doing this activity? What would you like to know more about?

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