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Teachers - Academic Standards
Third Grade, Standard 1
The Nature of Science and Technology
Students, working collaboratively, carry out investigations. They question, observe, and make accurate measurements. Students increase their use of tools, record data in journals, and communicate results through chart, graph, written, and verbal forms.
Technology and Science
| 3.1.6 |
Give examples of how tools, such as automobiles, computers, and electric motors, have affected the way we live. |
| 3.1.7 |
Recognize that and explain how an invention can be used in different ways, such as a radio being used to get information and for entertainment. |
| 3.1.8 |
Describe how discarded products contribute to the problem of waste disposal and that recycling can help solve this problem. |
Third Grade, Standard 4
The Living Environment
Students learn about an increasing variety of organisms. They use appropriate tools and identify similarities and differences among them. Students explore how organisms satisfy their needs in typical environments.
Diversity of Life
| 3.4.1 |
Demonstrate that a great variety of living things can be sorted into groups in many ways using various features, such as how they look, where they live, and how they act, to decide which things belong to which group. |
| 3.4.2 |
Explain that features used for grouping depend on the purpose of the grouping. |
| 3.4.3 |
Observe that and describe how offspring are very much, but not exactly, like their parents and like one another. |
Fourth Grade, Standard 1
The Nature of Science and Technology
Students, working collaboratively, carry out investigations. They observe and make accurate measurements, increase their use of tools and instruments, record data in journals, and communicate results through chart,graph, written, and verbal forms.
Technology and Science
| 4.1.5 |
Demonstrate how measuring instruments, such as microscopes, telescopes, and cameras, can be used to gather accurate information for making scientific comparisons of objects and events. Note that measuring instruments, such as rulers, can also be used for designing and constructing things that will work properly. |
| 4.1.6 |
Explain that even a good design may fail even though steps are taken ahead of time to reduce the likelihood of failure. |
| 4.1.7 |
Discuss and give examples of how technology, such as computers and medicines, has improved the lives of many people, although the benefits are not equally available to all. |
| 4.1.8 |
Recognize and explain that any invention may lead to other inventions. |
| 4.1.9 |
Explain how some products and materials are easier to recycle than others. |
Fourth Grade, Standard 4
The Living Environment
Students learn about an increasing variety of organisms - familiar, exotic, fossil, and microscopic. They use appropriate tools in identifying similarities and differences among them. They explore how organisms satisfy their needs in their environments.
Diversity of Life
| 4.4.1 |
Investigate, such as by using microscopes, to see that living things are made mostly of cells. |
Interdependence of Life and Evolution
| 4.4.2 |
Investigate, observe, and describe that insects and various other organisms depend on dead plant and animal material for food. |
| 4.4.3 |
Observe and describe that organisms interact with one another in various ways, such as providing food, pollination, and seed dispersal. |
| 4.4.4 |
Observe and describe that some source of energy is needed for all organisms to stay alive and grow. |
| 4.4.5 |
Observe and explain that most plants produce far more seeds than those that actually grow into new plants. |
| 4.4.6 |
Explain how in all environments, organisms are growing, dying, and decaying, and new organisms are being produced by the old ones. |
| 4.4.1 |
Investigate, such as by using microscopes, to see that living things are made mostly of cells. |
Fifth Grade, Standard 1
The Nature of Science and Technology
Students work collaboratively to carry out investigations. They observe and make accurate measurements, increase their use of tools and instruments, record data in journals, and communicate results through chart, graph, written, and verbal forms. Students repeat investigations, explain inconsistencies, and design projects.
Technology and Science
| 5.1.4 |
Give examples of technology, such as telescopes, microscopes, and cameras, that enable scientists and others to observe things that are too small or too far away to be seen without them and to study the motion of objects that are moving very rapidly or are hardly moving. |
| 5.1.5 |
Explain that technology extends the ability of people to make positive and/or negative changes in the world. |
| 5.1.6 |
Explain how the solution to one problem, such as the use of pesticides in agriculture or the use of dumps for waste disposal, may create other problems. |
| 5.1.7 |
Give examples of materials not present in nature, such as cloth, plastic, and concrete, that have become available because of science and technology. |
Fifth Grade, Standard 4
The Living Environment
Students learn about an increasing variety of organisms - familiar, exotic, fossil, and microscopic. They use appropriate tools in identifying similarities and differences among these organisms. Students explore how organisms satisfy their needs in their environments.
Diversity of Life
| 5.4.1 |
Explain that for offspring to resemble their parents there must be a reliable way to transfer information from one generation to the next. |
| 5.4.2 |
Observe and describe that some living things consist of a single cell that needs food, water, air, a way to dispose of waste, and an environment in which to live. |
| 5.4.3 |
Observe and explain that some organisms are made of a collection of similar cells that benefit from cooperating. Explain that some organisms' cells, such as human nerve cells and muscle cells, vary greatly in appearance and perform very different roles in the organism. |
Interdependence of Life and Evolution
| 5.4.4 |
Explain that in any particular environment, some kinds of plants and animals survive well, some do not survive as well, and some cannot survive at all. |
| 5.4.5 |
Explain how changes in an organism's habitat are sometimes beneficial and sometimes harmful. |
| 5.4.6 |
Recognize and explain that most microorganisms do not cause disease and many are beneficial. |
Sixth Grade, Standard 1
The Nature of Science and Technology
Students design investigations. They use computers and other technology to collect and analyze data; they explain findings and can relate how they conduct investigations to how the scientific enterprise functions as a whole. Students understand that technology has allowed humans to do many things, yet it cannot always provide solutions to our needs.
Technology and Science
| 6.1.7 |
Explain that technology is essential to science for such purposes as access to outer space and other remote locations, sample collection and treatment, measurement, data collection and storage, computation, and communication of information. |
| 6.1.8 |
Describe instances showing that technology cannot always provide successful solutions for problems or fulfill every human need. |
| 6.1.9 |
Explain how technologies can influence all living things. |
Sixth Grade, Standard 4
The Living Environment
Students recognize that plants and animals obtain energy in different ways, and they can describe some of the internal structures of organisms related to this function. They examine the similarities and differences between humans and other species*. They use microscopes to observe cells and recognize cells as the building blocks of all life.
Diversity of Life
| 6.4.1 |
Explain that one of the most general distinctions among organisms is between green plants, which use sunlight to make their own food, and animals, which consume energy-rich foods. |
| 6.4.2 |
Give examples of organisms that cannot be neatly classified as either plants or animals, such as fungi and bacteria. |
| 6.4.3 |
Describe some of the great variety of body plans and internal structures animals and plants have that contribute to their being able to make or find food and reproduce. |
| 6.4.4 |
Recognize and describe that a species comprises all organisms that can mate with one another to produce fertile offspring. |
| 6.4.5 |
Investigate and explain that all living things are composed of cells whose details are usually visible only through a microscope. |
| 6.4.6 |
Distinguish the main differences between plant and animal cells, such as the presence of chlorophyll* and cell walls in plant cells and their absence in animal cells. |
| 6.4.7 |
Explain that about two thirds of the mass of a cell is accounted for by water. Understand that water gives cells many of their properties.
* species: a category of biological classification that is comprised of organisms sufficiently and closely related as to be potentially able to mate with one another
* chlorophyll: a substance found in green plants that is needed for photosynthesis*
*photosynthesis: a process by which green plants use energy from sunlight to make their own food |
Interdependence of Life and Evolution
| 6.4.8 |
Explain that in all environments, such as freshwater, marine, forest, desert, grassland, mountain, and others, organisms with similar needs may compete with one another for resources, including food, space, water, air, and shelter. Note that in any environment, the growth and survival of organisms depend on the physical conditions. |
| 6.4.9 |
Recognize and explain that two types of organisms may interact in a competitive or cooperative relationship, such as producer*/consumer*, predator*/prey*, or parasite*/host*. |
| 6.4.10 |
Describe how life on Earth depends on energy from the sun.
* producer: an organism that can make its own food
* consumer: an organism that feeds directly or indirectly on producers
* predator: an organism that kills and eats other organisms
* prey: an organism that is killed and eaten by a predator |
Seventh Grade, Standard 1
The Nature of Science and Technology
Student further their scientific understanding of the natural world through investigations, experiences, and readings. They design solutions to proactical problems by using a variety of scientific methodologies.
Technology and Science
| 7.1.7 |
Explain how engineers, architects, and others who engage in design and technology use scientific knowledge to solve practical problems. |
| 7.1.8 |
Explain that technologies often have drawbacks as well as benefits. Consider a technology, such as the use of pesticides, which helps some organisms but may hurt others, either deliberately or inadvertently. |
| 7.1.9 |
Explain how societies influence what types of technology are developed and used in such fields as agriculture, manufacturing, sanitation, medicine, warfare, transportation, information processing, and communication. |
| 7.1.10 |
Identify ways that technology has strongly influenced the course of history and continues to do so. |
Seventh Grade, Standard 4
The Living Environment
Students begin to trace the flow of matter and energy through ecosystems. They recognize the fundamental difference between plants and animals and understand its basis at the cellular level. Students distinguish species, particularly through an examination of internal structures and functions. They use microscopes to observe cells and recognized that cells function in similar ways in all organisms.
Diversity of Life
| 7.4.1 |
Explain that similarities among organisms are found in external and internal anatomical features, including specific characteristics at the cellular level, such as the number of chromosomes. Understand that these similarities are used to classify organisms since they may be used to infer the degree of relatedness among organisms. |
| 7.4.2 |
Describe that all organisms, including the human species, are part of and depend on two main interconnected global food webs, the ocean food web and the land food web. 7.4.3 Explain how in sexual reproduction, a single specialize cell from a female merges with a specialized cell from a male and this fertilized eggs carries genetic information from each parent and multiplies to form the complete organism. |
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Explain that cells continually divide to make more cells for growth and repair and that various organs and tissues function to serve the needs of cells for food, air, and waste removal. |
| 7.4.5 |
Explain that the basic functions of organisms, such as extracting energy from food and getting rid of wastes, are carried out within the cell and understand that the way in which cells function is similar in all organisms.
* chromosomes: a cell structure that contains DNA, a chemical which directs the activities of a cell and passes on the traits of a cell to new cells.
* species: a category of biological classification that is comprised of organisms sufficiently and closesly related as to be potentially able to mate with one another.
* food web: all food chains in an ecosystem that are connected.
* food chain: food and energy links between different plants, animals, and other organims in an ecosystem.
* ecosystem: a group of organisms in an area that interact with one another, together with their non-living environment. |
Interdependence of Life and Evolution
| 7.4.6 |
Explain how food provides the fuel and the building material for all organisms. |
| 7.4.7 |
Describe how plants use the energy from light to make sugars from carbon dioxide and water to produce food that can be used immediately or stored for later use. |
| 7.4.8 |
Describe how organisms that eat plants break down the plant structures to produce the materials and energy that they need to survive, and in turn, how they are consumed by other organisms. |
| 7.4.9 |
Understand and explain that as any population of organisms grows, it is held in check by one or more environmental factors. These factors could result in depletion of food or nesting sites and/or increased numbers of predators or parasites. Give examples of some consequences of this. |
Eighth Grade, Standard 1
The Nature of Science and Technology
Students design and carry out increasingly sophisticated investigations. They understand the reason for isolating and controlling variables in an investigation. They realize that scientific knowledge is subject to change as new evidence arises. They examine issues in the design and use of technology, including constraints, safeguards, and trad-offs.
Technology and Science
| 8.1.6 |
Identify the constraints that must be taken into account as new design is devleoped, such as gravity and the properties of the materials being used. |
| 8.1.7 |
Explain why technology issues are rarely simple and one-sided because contending groups may have different values and priorities. |
| 8.1.8 |
Explain that humans help shape the future by generating knowledge, developing new technologies, and communicating ideas to other. |
Eighth Grade, Standard 4
The Living Environment
Students trace the flow of matter and energy through ecosystems. They understand that the total amount of matter remains constant and that almost all food energy has its origin in sunlight.
Diversity of Life
| 8.4.1 |
Differentiate between inherited traits, such as hair color or flower color, and acquired skills such as manners. |
| 8.4.2 |
Describe that in some organisms, such as yeast or bacteria, all genes come from a single parent, while those that have sexes, typically half of the genes come from each parent. |
| 8.4.3 |
Recognized and describe that new varieties of cultivated plants, such as corn, and apples, and domestic animals, such as dogs and horses, have resulted from selective breeding for particular traits.
* ecosystem: a group of organisms in an area that interact with one another with their non-living envirnoment.
* gene: a basic unit of heredity. |
Interdependence of Life and Evolution
| 8.4.4 |
Describe how matter is transferred from one organism to another repeatedly and between organisms and their physical environment. |
| 8.4.5 |
Explain that energy can be transferred from one form to another in living things.
Describe how plants use the energy from light to make sugars from carbon dioxide and 8.4.6 Describe how animals get their energy from oxidizing their food and releasing some of this energy as heat. |
| 8.4.7 |
Recognize and explain that small genetic differences between parents and offspring can accumulate in successive generations so that descendants are very different from their ancestors. |
| 8.4.8 |
Describe how environmental conditions affect the survival of individual organisms and how entire species may prosper in spite of the poor survivability or bad fortune of individuals. |
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